2008 Mazda MAZDA3
Problems, recalls and owner-reported issues
Steering is the leading concern among 303 owner complaints filed for this model year. This is the 2nd highest complaint count among 22 MAZDA3 model years with reports.
Of the 2008 reports, 29 involved a crash and 1 involved a fire. 20 people were injured.
What owners report most often
Recalls and investigations
Visibility, windshield wiper/washer, motorJun 15, 2011
MAZDA IS RECALLING CERTAIN MODEL YEAR 2008-2009 MAZDA3 AND MAZDASPEED3 VEHICLES MANUFACTURED FROM JANUARY 7, 2008, THROUGH NOVEMBER 28, 2008. THE GROUND TERMINAL OF THE WINDSHIELD WIPER MOTOR MAY HAVE BEEN INADVERTENTLY BENT DURING ASSEMBLY. IF THIS CONDITION EXISTS THEN OVER TIME THE ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE OF THE MOTOR CIRCUIT MAY INCREASE UP TO A POINT THAT THE WINDSHIELD WIPERS WOULD NOT WORK.
THE LOSS OF WIPER FUNCTION IN ADVERSE WEATHER COULD POTENTIALLY INCREASE THE RISK OF A CRASH.
DEALERS WILL INSTALL AN ADDITIONAL GROUND HARNESS ON THE WIPER MOTOR FREE OF CHARGE. THE SAFETY RECALL IS EXPECTED TO BEGIN ON OR BEFORE JULY 15, 2011. OWNERS MAY CONTACT MAZDA CUSTOMER ASSISTANCE CENTER AT 1-800-222-5500.
Campaign 11V329000 on NHTSA.gov
Steering, electric power assist systemAug 12, 2010
MAZDA IS RECALLING CERTAIN MODEL YEAR 2007-2009 MAZDA3 AND MAZDA5 VEHICLES MANUFACTURED FROM APRIL 2, 2007 THROUGH NOVEMBER 30, 2008. THESE VEHICLES MAY HAVE A CONDITION IN WHICH A SUDDEN LOSS OF POWER STEERING ASSIST COULD OCCUR AT ANY TIME WHILE DRIVING THE VEHICLE.
POWER STEERING ASSIST IS SUDDENLY LOST REDUCING THE DRIVER'S ABILITY TO STEER THE VEHICLE AS TYPICALLY EXPECTED, AND INCREASING THE RISK OF A CRASH.
MAZDA WILL NOTIFY OWNERS, AND DEALERS WILL REPLACE THE POWER STEERING PUMP AND LINES FREE OF CHARGE. THE SAFETY RECALL BEGAN ON SEPTEMBER 15, 2010. OWNERS MAY CONTACT MAZDA CUSTOMER ASSISTANCE CENTER AT 1-800-222-5500.
Campaign 10V374000 on NHTSA.gov
EquipmentApr 2, 2009
THULE, INC. IS RECALLING 2,323 OWNER-INSTALLED ROOF-MOUNTED FIT KITS, MODELS 3068 AND 3069, MANUFACTURED BETWEEN JANUARY 1, 2008 AND FEBRUARY 28, 2009 THAT ARE USED WITH THULE PODIUM FOOT PACKS, MODELS 460 AND 460R. THESE FIT KITS WERE SOLD AS AFTERMARKET EQUIPMENT FOR USE ON THE VEHICLES LISTED ABOVE. THE BOLT(S) USED TO SECURE THE FOOT TO THE VEHICLE WAS MANUFACTURED TO A HARDNESS THAT MAY CAUSE THE BOLT(S) TO BE BRITTLE AND POTENTIALLY BREAK UNDER STRESS.
THIS MAY RESULT IN THE BOLT(S) SNAPPING OFF DURING USE OR WITHOUT A LOAD. THE UNSECURED RACK AND LOAD CAN THEN COME LOOSE WHILE DRIVING CREATING A POTENTIAL ROAD HAZARD, POSSIBLY RESULTING IN A VEHICLE CRASH.
THULE WILL MAIL A RETRO FIT KIT ALONG WITH REPAIR INSTRUCTIONS TO OWNERS FREE OF CHARGE. THE SAFETY RECALL IS EXPECTED TO BEGIN ON OR BEFORE APRIL 13, 2009. OWNERS MAY CONTACT THULE TOLL-FREE AT 1-800-238-2388.
Campaign 09E011000 on NHTSA.gov
Representative owner complaints
303 reports, newest first.
Exterior lighting, May 7, 2016
TAIL-LIGHTS OVERHEAT CAUSING THE TAILLIGHTS TO GO OUT AND MELTING SOCKETS AND RED LENSES. REPLACED SOCKET ASSEMBLIES (OEM) AND BULBS (OEM), THEN HAD TO REPLACE LENS ASSEMBLIES BECAUSE WHITE LIGHT COMES OUT INSTEAD OF RED. ABOUT 3-YEAR LATER THE PROBLEM IS RECURRING (TAILLIGHT OUT INTERMITTENTLY, SOCKET MELTED, AND SENSE STARTING TO MELT.)
Exterior lighting, May 4, 2016
ON MY MAZDA3 I HAVE NOTICED THAT DRIVING AT NIGHT HAS BECOME MORE DIFFICULT DUE THE HEAD LIGHTS WERE NOT SHINING BRIGHT ENOUGH. I NOTICED NOW DURING THE DAY TIME THAT THE HEAD LIGHT CLEAR COVERS ARE CORRODED. IT LOOKS LIKE THERE IS CONDENSATION INSIDE THE HEAD LIGHT COVER HOUSING AND IT HAS CORRODED THE LIGHT COVERS. IT REDUCES VISIBILITY THAT CAN CAUSE DANGEROUS CONDITIONS AT NIGHT. I;M AFRAID I COULD HIT SOMETHING OR SOMEONE NOT BEING ABLE TO FULLY SEE THEM.
Electrical system, Exterior lighting, May 4, 2016
MY LEFT REAR TAIL RED TAIL LIGHT WENT OUT. I TRIED TO CHANGE IT BUT IT HAS MELTED TO THE WIRES AND THE LIGHT HOUSING. I AM UNABLE TO CHANGE IT. I AM AFRAID THIS MELTING IS A DANGEROUS ISSUE BECAUSE IT'S A POSSIBLE FIRE HAZARD. I SEARCHED THE INTERNET AND HAVE FOUND MANY OTHER MAZDA OWNERS WITH THIS SAME ISSUE. OTHERS EVEN HAVE BOTH SIDES MELTING THE REAR LIGHTS. I CANNOT EVEN CHANGE THE BULB NOW. THIS CAN BE A DANGER BECAUSE I CANNOT USE MY LEFT TAIL LIGHT OR LEFT REAR SIGNAL. THIS COULD CAUSE SOMEONE TO CRASH INTO ME NOT KNOWING I AM SLOWING DOWN FOR A LEFT TURN.
Other or unspecified, Apr 9, 2016, crash
A COLLISION ACCIDENT
Tires, Feb 29, 2016
TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2008 MAZDA 3. WHILE DRIVING APPROXIMATELY 50 MPH, THE VEHICLE VEERED OUT OF CONTROL AND THE STEERING WHEEL BECAME DIFFICULT TO MANEUVER. THE TIRE PRESSURE MONITOR WARNING LIGHT ILLUMINATED. THE CONTACT DISCOVERED THAT THE FRONT PASSENGER SIDE TIRE VALVE STEM FAILED AND CAUSED THE TIRE TO BECOME DEFLATED. THE VEHICLE WAS NOT DIAGNOSED, BUT THE TIRE WAS REPLACED. THE FAILURE RECURRED WITH THE FRONT DRIVER SIDE TIRE, BUT THE VEHICLE WAS NOT DIAGNOSED NOR REPAIRED. THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOT NOTIFIED OF THE FAILURE. THE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 70,000.
Power train, Feb 17, 2016
THE CAR WILL NOT GO ABOVE THIRD GEAR AND SHAKES VIOLENTLY WHILE ON HIGHWAY AND SECONDARY ROADS.
Structure, Other or unspecified, Engine, Feb 16, 2016, crash
CAR ACCIDENT GOING AROUND 60MPH ON A HIGHWAY, HIT GUARDRAIL HEAD ON DUE TO BLACK ICE AND RAIN, SPINNING TWICE HITTING GUARDRAILS AGAIN FRONT AND BACK MULTIPLE TIMES, NOT A SINGLE AIRBAG DEPLOYED. THANK GOODNESS FOR THE SEATBELT AS I'M SURE DEATH WOULD HAVE OCCURRED IF THAT FAILED TOO. GOING THROUGH THE INSURANCE PROCESS NOW AND WILL HAVE MORE PICTURES AND POLICE REPORT IN HAND SHORTLY. I THOUGHT MY WIFE AND KIDS WERE IN A SAFE CAR... I GUESS NOT.
Power train, Engine, Feb 11, 2016
CAR WAS VIBRATING A LOT WHEN IN GEAR AND HOLDING BRAKES REPLACED MOTOR MOUNTS AND THROTTLE BODY TO FIX ISSUE. ALSO WHEN SLOWING DOWN AND SPEEDING BACK UP THE TRANSMISSION GRINDS WHEN DOWN SHIFTING. FEELS LIKE IT IS SLIPPING AND IS NOT SAFE IF YOU ARE DRIVING ON THE HIGHWAY OR IN THE CITY AND WANT TO SWITCH LANES AND SPEED UP I'M AFRAID ONE DAY I'M GOING TO SWITCH LANES HIT THE GAS AND THE TRANSMISSION WILL FAIL. THE CARMAX I GOT THE CAR FROM INSISTS IT IS JUST A TRANSMISSION "SHUTTER" AND IT HAPPENS WITH CERTAIN CARS. I WILL BE GETTING A SECOND OPINION FROM AN ASE CERTIFIED TRANSMISSION SHOP. DEALERSHIP MADE ME THINK IT WAS BRAKE PADS AT FIRST I PAID $300 TO HAVE PERFECTLY GOOD PADS REPLACED WITH NEW ONES TO HAVE THE PROBLEM NOT FIXED. I AM EXTREMELY IRRITATED WITH DEALERSHIP TRYING TO GET AROUND FIXING THE CAR. OTHER THAN THOSE 2 PROBLEMS THE CAR IS GREAT.
Steering, Engine, Jan 27, 2016
TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2008 MAZDA MAZDA3. THE CONTACT STATED THAT WHILE DRIVING AT 30 MPH, THE VEHICLE STALLED. THE CONTACT WAS ABLE TO RESTART THE VEHICLE HOWEVER, THE CHECK ENGINE WARNING LIGHT ILLUMINATED AND THE VEHICLE STARTED TO SPUTTER. THE VEHICLE WAS TAKEN TO THE DEALER TO BE DIAGNOSED WHERE IT WAS DIAGNOSED THAT THE OXYGEN SENSOR WAS SEIZED INTO THE CATALYTIC CONVERTER AND NEEDED TO BE REPLACED. THE VEHICLE WAS NOT REPAIRED. THE CONTACT ALSO STATED THAT THE STEERING HAD EXCESSIVE MOVEMENT, WHILE DRIVING. THE VEHICLE WAS NOT REPAIRED. THE MANUFACTURER WAS MADE AWARE OF THE FAILURE. THE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 79,352.
Air bags, Oct 30, 2015
AIR BAG LIGHT INSIDE INSTRUMENT CLUSTER WON'T COME OFF.
Steering, Oct 27, 2015, crash
STEERING WHEEL LOCKED UP ON THE HIGHWAY AS I WAS CURVING TO THE RIGHT. CAUSED MY CAR TO VEER OFF THE ROAD AND RAN ALONG A RAIL UNTIL THE I BRAKED THE CAR. I COULD NOT TURN THE STEERING WHEEL AND THAT CAUSED THE ACCIDENT. LAST YEAR I HAD THE MAZDA SERVICED WHICH THEY HAD FIXED THE RECALL SUPPOSEDLY. BUT THIS IS THE SECOND TIME THAT THIS HAPPENED. I MAY NOT BE LUCKY THE NEXT TIME.
Structure, Sep 16, 2015
TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2008 MAZDA 3. WHILE DRIVING APPROXIMATELY 25 MPH, THE CONTACT HEARD AN ABNORMAL NOISE COMING FROM THE FRONT DRIVER SIDE OF THE VEHICLE. THE VEHICLE WAS TAKEN TO A DEALER, BUT WAS NOT DIAGNOSED OR REPAIRED. AFTER INSPECTING THE VEHICLE, THE CONTACT DISCOVERED THAT THE FRONT DRIVER SIDE UPPER CROSS MEMBER WAS FRACTURED. THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOT NOTIFIED OF THE FAILURE. THE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 40,000.
Steering, Aug 12, 2015, crash
TL* THE CONTACT OWNED A 2008 MAZDA 3. WHILE DRIVING APPROXIMATELY 50 MPH, THE VEHICLE STARTED TO VEER TO THE RIGHT CAUSING THE CONTACT TO CRASH INTO A FENCE AND THE MILE MARKER. THE VEHICLE WAS DESTROYED AND TOWED TO AN IMPOUND LOT. A POLICE REPORT WAS NOT FILED AND NO INJURIES WERE REPORTED. THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOT NOTIFIED OF THE FAILURE. THE APPROXIMATE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 87,000.
Wheels, Jul 28, 2015
IN THE SUMMER OF 2014, I WAS TRAVELING ON A MAJOR HIGHWAY GOING APPROXIMATELY 60-65 MPH. MY TIRE SENSOR LIGHT CAME ON AND, WITHIN JUST A FEW MILES, MY FRONT DRIVER'S SIDE TIRE BLEW OUT. I WAS ABLE TO SAFELY GUIDE MY CAR TO THE SHOULDER WITHOUT HAVING AN ACCIDENT. UPON EXITING MY CAR AND LOOKING AT MY TIRE, I NOTICED THE AREA AROUND MY VALVE STEM WAS COMPLETELY CORRODED. HOW I DID NOT HAVE AN ACCIDENT IS AN ABSOLUTE MIRACLE. ON WEDNESDAY, JULY 22, 2015, MY TIRE SENSOR LIGHT CAME ON. KNOWING I WOULD BE TRAVELING APPROXIMATELY 150 ON THAT SATURDAY, I CHECKED MY TIRE PRESSURE TO SEE MY FRONT PASSENGERS SIDE WAS DOWN APPROXIMATELY 5 PSI FROM THE RECOMMENDED 32 PSI. I PUT AIR IN MY TIRE FRIDAY NIGHT AND WENT AWAY ON SATURDAY. ON MY MORE THAN 1 HOUR DRIVE, MY TIRE SENSOR CAME BACK ON. I STOPPED AT A GAS STATION TO FIND MY TIRE PSI WAS IN THE TEENS. I FELT ALL AROUND MY TIRE BUT FOUND NOTHING WRONG. I FILLED MY TIRE BACK UP TO 32 PSI AND CONTINUED ON MY WAY. SHORTLY AFTER, MY TIRE SENSOR LIGHT CAME ON YET AGAIN. WHEN I STOPPED AT THE NEXT GAS STATION TO PUT MORE AIR IN IT, I NOTICED THE AREA AROUND MY VALVE STEM WAS COMPLETELY CORRODED. IT WAS SO CORRODED I COULD MOVE THE VALVE STEM AND ALLOW LARGE AMOUNTS OF AIR TO COME OUT. I ULTIMATELY WAS ABLE TO PUT ON MY SPARE TIRE BUT AM NOW LOOKING AT A MORE THAN $200 VALVE STEM/SENSOR REPLACEMENT PER A PHONE QUOTE FROM MY LOCAL MAZDA DEALERSHIP. AS I SPOKE TO DIFFERENT MECHANICS, THEY ALL SEEM TO BE WELL AWARE OF THE PROBLEM SO IT'S A BIT FRIGHTENING THERE HAS NOT BEEN A RECALL.
Steering, Jul 25, 2015
ON ABOUT JULY 16, 2015 THE POWER STEERING FAILED MAKING IT EXTREMELY DIFFICULTY TO STEER VEHICLE. I CALLED MAZDA DEALER TO EXPLAIN FAILURE AND ASKED IF THEY WOULD REPAIR UNDER RECALL. THEY SAID MAZDA WOULD ONLY HONOR RECALL REPAIR ONCE. I DO NOT BELIEVE MAZDA REPAIRED THE ISSUE. I WOULD EXPECT THEM TO PROVIDE A FIX THAT PREVENTS THIS FAILURE FROM REOCCURRING. NOTE: ON 1/27/2011 I HAD TAKEN VEHICLE IN AFTER RECEIVING RECALL NOTICE REGARDING POWER STEERING. VEHICLE POWER STEERING WAS REPAIRED BY BYERS MAZDA IN COLUMBUS OHIO AND ROAD TESTED TO CONFIRM REPAIRS.
Steering, Jul 13, 2015
TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2008 MAZDA 3. WHILE DRIVING APPROXIMATELY 65 MPH, THE STEERING WHEEL BECAME DIFFICULT TO TURN. THE VEHICLE WAS PREVIOUSLY REPAIRED UNDER NHTSA CAMPAIGN NUMBER: 10V374000 (STEERING). THE DEALER DIAGNOSED THAT THE POWER STEERING PUMP AND FLUID LINES FAILED AND NEEDED TO BE REPLACED. THE VEHICLE WAS NOT REPAIRED. THE MANUFACTURER WAS MADE AWARE OF THE FAILURE. THE APPROXIMATE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 78,000. UPDATED 09/09/15*LJ THE CONSUMER STATED THE PROBLEM WAS RESOLVED. THE MANUFACTURER PAID FOR THE PARTS AND THE CONSUMER PAID FOR THE REPAIR. UPDATED 12/10/15*JS
Power train, Electrical system, Vehicle speed control, Jul 9, 2015
I WAS DRIVING WHEN SUDDENLY AND WITHOUT NOTICE I LOST ALL CONTROL OVER THE ENGINE. PRESSING THE ACCELERATOR DOWN DID NOT CHANGE THE ENGINE SPEED. THE ENGINE WOULD ONLY IDLE. THE CAR WAS TOWED TO THE DEALER WHO DETERMINED THAT A BAD CONNECTION OCCURRED BETWEEN THE WIRING AND THE ?PCM? MODULE. IF THIS HAD OCCURRED WHILE PASSING OR WHILE EXECUTING A LEFT TURN, A SERIOUS OR EVEN FATAL ACCIDENT COULD HAVE OCCURRED. MA 10/22/2015
Steering, Jul 9, 2015
THE STEERING HAS LOCKED UP ON MULTIPLE OCCASIONS RENDERING THE CAR TOTALLY DISABLED AND UNABLE TO BE CONTROLLED. THIS HAPPENS RANDOMLY. THE POWER STEERING PUMP WAS CHANGED SOME MONTHS AGO BUT THE STEERING LOCK UP HAPPENED AGAIN IN MAY OF 2014 AFTER THAT FIX. WE WERE TOLD THE POWER STEERING FIX SHOULD HAVE TAKEN CARE OF IT.
Tires, Jun 26, 2015
TPMS VALVE STEM BROKE WHILE WE WERE SERVICING A VEHICLE. ..UPDATED 10/02/15*BF UPDATED 12/28/2015*JS
Wheels, Other or unspecified, Jun 6, 2015
WHEN I ATTEMPTED TO REMOVE VALVE STEM COVER THE VALVE STEM CRACKED AND CAME APART. I HAD TO HAVE THE COMPLETE TPMS VALVE REPLACED. I THEN NOTICED THAT THE OTHER VALVE STEMS LOOKED IN THE SAME CONDITION. THE MAZDA DEALER SAID THAT THIS WAS JUST AGING AND THAT THE REST WERE O.K. I AM NOT SURE IF THEY ARE. I SAID THAT THE STEMS SHOULD NOT CRACK JUST BY REMOVING THE COVER.
Vehicle speed control, Engine, May 29, 2015
TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2008 MAZDA 3. WHILE DRIVING AT VARIOUS SPEEDS, THE ATV AND CHECK ENGINE LIGHTS ILLUMINATED. THE CONTACT PULLED OVER TO THE SIDE OF THE HIGHWAY TO RESTART THE VEHICLE, BUT THE WARNING LIGHTS WERE STILL ILLUMINATED. IN ADDITION, THE VEHICLE JERKED WHILE DRIVING AND ACCELERATED ON ITS OWN. THE VEHICLE WAS TAKEN TO A DEALER WHERE IT WAS DIAGNOSED THAT THE HOUSING ROD WAS CRACKED. THE VEHICLE WAS REPAIRED, BUT THE FAILURE PERSISTED. THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOT MADE AWARE OF THE FAILURES. THE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 127,000.
Electrical system, Exterior lighting, Other or unspecified, May 26, 2015
EVER SINCE I BROUGHT THIS CAR IM HAVING ISSUES WITH MY HEADLAMPS. I HAD REPLACED HEADLIGHT BULBS ATLEAST 15 TIMES. LAMPS WILL LAST ROUGHLY 3 TO 6 MONTHS AND THEN BURNOUT. I COMPLAINED MANY TIMES TO THE DEALERSHIP AND THEY HAVE NO ANSWER TO THE ROOT CAUSE OTHER THAN SIMPLY CHANGING THE BULBS. I SUSPECT THERE MIGHT BE AN ISSUE IN WIRING. MANY 2008 MAZDA 3 OWNERS ARE COMPLAINING SIMILAR ISSUES ON-LINE AND WEBSITES.
Power train, Electrical system, Apr 14, 2015
ON 04/01/2015 WHILE DRIVING IN THE CITY AT ABOUT 25 MPH THE TRANSMISSION WENT FROM 4 TO 1, AND THE CAR JERKED REALLY HARD. AT LIGHT AND CHECK ENGINE LIGHT CAME ON. AFTER PULLING OVER AND TURNING THE CAR OFF AND WAITING A COUPLE OF MINUTES, AT LIGHT WENT AWAY, CHECK ENGINE LIGHT WAS STILL ON. THE SAME HAPPENED IN TWO DAYS, THEN IN 5 DAYS WHILE DRIVING ON A FREEWAY WITH SPEED 65 MPH - THE CAR JERKED AND BUCKED AT FULL SPEED, AT LIGHT AND CHECK ENGINE LIGHT ON, TRANSMISSION WENT FROM 5 TO 1 TO 3, TACHOMETER WENT FROM 2500 RPM TO OVER 4000 RPM - THANKFULLY I DID NOT HIT ANYONE AND I WASN'T HIT BY OTHER CARS WHEN THAT HAPPENED (I WAS VERY SCARED!). I GOT THE CAR TOWED TO THE DEALERSHIP, AND AFTER TWO DAYS OF DIAGNOSTICS THE ANSWER - TRANSMISSION CONTROL MODULE (TCM) IS BAD. I DID RESEARCH ONLINE - VERY COMMON PROBLEM WITH CARS OF THIS MAKE, MODEL AND YEAR. DEALER CAN NOT FIX IT BECAUSE TCM IS ON NATIONWIDE BACK ORDER! I HAVE NO CAR FOR A WEEK NOW AND IT COULD BE A MONTH WHEN THE PART WILL BE AVAILABLE. THIS KIND OF PROBLEM WORTH OF A RECALL DUE TO THE SAFETY CONCERNS AND THE COST OF THE REPLACEMENT - OVER $1000 INCLUDING DIAGNOSTICS. *TR
Steering, Feb 17, 2015
TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2008 MAZDA 3. WHILE DRIVING 60 MPH, THE STEERING WHEEL BECAME DIFFICULT TO TURN. THE CONTACT HAD TO APPLY EXCESSIVE FORCE TO THE STEERING WHEEL IN ORDER TO TURN THE VEHICLE. THE POWER STEERING WARNING LIGHT ILLUMINATED. THE VEHICLE WAS TOWED TO A DEALER. THE TECHNICIAN DIAGNOSED THAT THE POWER STEERING MODULE NEEDED TO BE REPLACED. THE VEHICLE WAS NOT REPAIRED. THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOT NOTIFIED OF THE FAILURE. THE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS UNKNOWN.
Structure, Engine, Feb 13, 2015
THE RIGHT FONT ENGINE MOUNT HAS BROKE. THIS WAS A RECALL ON THE 2006 MODEL MAZDA 3 BUT IT APPEARS THAT MAZDA HAS CONTINUED TO USE THE RECALLED PAT O LATE MODELS OF VARIOUS MODELS. *TR