2016 Ram 1500
Problems, recalls and owner-reported issues
Steering is the leading concern among 1,544 owner complaints filed for this model year. This is the 2nd highest complaint count among 17 1500 model years with reports.
Of the 2016 reports, 91 involved a crash and 36 involved a fire. 73 people were injured and 5 people died.
What owners report most often
Recalls and investigations
Air bags, side/window, curtain, inflatorJan 16, 2025
Chrysler (FCA US, LLC) is recalling certain 2016-2019 Ram 3500, Ram 1500, 2016-2020 Ram 2500, and 2016 Ram 3500 Cab Chassis vehicles. The right and left side curtain air bag inflators may rupture due to a manufacturing defect.
An inflator rupture may result in sharp metal fragments striking occupants, resulting in injury.
Dealers will replace one or both side curtain air bags, as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed February 13, 2025. Owners may contact FCA customer service at 1-800-853-1403. FCA's numbers for this recall are 05C, 09C, and 10C.
Campaign 25V010000 on NHTSA.gov
Engine and engine coolingJun 8, 2023
Chrysler (FCA US, LLC) is recalling certain 2014-2019 Ram 1500 and 2014-2020 Jeep Grand Cherokee vehicles equipped with 3.0L Diesel engines. The crankshaft position sensor tone wheel may delaminate, causing the engine to lose its ability to synchronize the fuel injector pulses and cam shaft timing, possibly resulting in an engine stall.
An engine stall can increase the risk of a crash.
Dealers will update the powertrain control module software to maintain vehicle propulsion, free of charge. Interim notification letters, notifying owners of the safety risk, were mailed August 3, 2023. Some owner notification letters were mailed October 31, 2023. The remaining owner notification letters will be mailed at a future date, anticipated July 2024. Owners may contact FCA US, LLC customer service at 1-800-853-1403. FCA US, LLC's number for this recall is 66A. This recall is an expansion of recall 20V-475.
Campaign 23V411000 on NHTSA.gov
Fuel system, diesel, delivery, fuel pumpJun 9, 2022
Chrysler (FCA US, LLC) is recalling certain 2014-2020 Jeep Grand Cherokee, and 2014-2019 Ram 1500 vehicles equipped with 3.0L diesel engines. A high pressure fuel pump (HPFP) failure may introduce internal debris into the fuel system, potentially resulting in fuel starvation.
Fuel starvation may result in an unexpected loss of drive power, increasing the risk of a crash.
Dealers will replace the HPFP, and inspect and replace, if necessary, additional fuel system components, free of charge. Interim notification letters informing owners of the safety risk were mailed July 21, 2022. Owner notification letters for were mailed for Jeep Grand Cherokee owners starting January 11, 2024. Owner notification letters for Ram 1500 owners were mailed March 7, 2024. Owners may contact FCA US, LLC customer service at 1-800-853-1403. FCA US, LLS's number for this recall is Z46.
Campaign 22V406000 on NHTSA.gov
Air bags, side/window, curtain, inflatorAug 12, 2021
Chrysler (FCA US, LLC) is recalling certain 2015-2020 Ram 1500 Classic, 2015-2016 Ram 3500, and Ram 2500 vehicles, and 2016 Ram 3500 Cab Chassis with a gross vehicle weight rating less than 10,000 lbs. The side air bag inflatable curtain (SABIC) inflator end cap may detach from the inflator, or the inflator sidewall may rupture.
A separated inflator end cap or inflator rupture can allow compressed gas to escape, resulting in the end cap or other components being propelled into the vehicle, increasing the risk of injury or crash.
Dealers will inspect and replace as necessary, the SABIC assemblies, free of charge. Interim owner notification letters were mailed on October 4, 2021. Owner notification letters were mailed on May 26, 2022. Owners may contact FCA US, LLC customer service at 1-800-853-1403. FCA US, LLC's number for this recall is Y55.
Campaign 21V632000 on NHTSA.gov
Engine and engine cooling, engine, dieselAug 13, 2020
Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling certain 2014-2018 Ram 1500 and 2014-2016 Jeep Grand Cherokee vehicles equipped with 3.0L diesel engines. The crankshaft position sensor tone wheel may delaminate causing the engine to lose its ability to synchronize the fuel injector pulses and cam shaft timing, possibly resulting in an engine stall.
An engine stall can increase the risk of a crash.
FCA US will notify owners, and dealers will update the powertrain control module software to maintain vehicle propulsion by reading the camshaft position signal in the event that the crankshaft position signal is lost, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed on May 13, 2021. Owners may contact FCA US customer service at 1-800-853-2002. FCA US's number for this recall is W58.
Campaign 20V475000 on NHTSA.gov
Engine and engine cooling, exhaust system, emission control, gas recirculation valve (egr valve)Oct 24, 2019
Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling certain 2014-2019 Ram 1500 and 1500 Classic Pickup trucks equipped with 3.0L Eco Diesel engines. The Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) cooler may crack and allow pre-heated vaporized coolant to enter the EGR system. This mixture may combust inside the intake manifold.
Combustion in the intake manifold can increase the risk of a fire.
Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will replace the EGR cooler, free of charge. Dealers will also inspect and, as necessary, replace the intake manifold. The recall began April 16, 2020. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is VB1.
Campaign 19V757000 on NHTSA.gov
Latches/locks/linkages, tailgate, latchMay 9, 2019
Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling certain 2015-2017 Ram 1500, 2500 and 3500 pickup trucks equipped with an 8 foot bed and a power locking tailgate. Chrysler is also recalling all 2013-2014 and 2018 Ram 1500, 2500 and 3500 pickup trucks built before April 1, 2018 with a 6 or 8 foot bed and a power locking tailgate. On August 29, 2019 Chrysler expanded the recall to include an additional 693,128 model year 2013-2014 Ram 1500, 2500 and 3500 pickup trucks. The tailgate actuator limiter tab may fracture and cause the tailgate to unlatch and open while driving.
If the tailgate opens while the vehicle is being driven, cargo may fall out the vehicle and create a road hazard, increasing the risk of crash.
Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will repair the tailgate latch, free of charge. The recall began May 23, 2019. Chrysler is expected to notify owners of the expanded population on October 18, 2019. Owners may contact FCA US customer service at 1-800-853-1403. FCA US's number for this recall is V44. Note: 2015-2017 MY Ram 1500 pickup trucks with truck beds other than 8 foot, are currently covered under NHTSA recall 18V-486 for this issue.
Campaign 19V347000 on NHTSA.gov
Structure, body, tailgateJul 27, 2018
Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling certain 2015-2017 RAM 1500, 2500, and 3500 pickup trucks equipped with a power locking tailgate and either a 5 foot, 7 inch or 6 foot, 4 inch bed. The tailgate actuator limiter tab may fracture and cause the tailgate to unlatch and open while driving.
If the tailgate latch releases and the tailgate opens while driving, cargo may fall out, creating a road hazard and increasing the risk of a crash.
Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will repair the vehicle, free of charge. The recall began September 17, 2018. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is U74.
Campaign 18V486000 on NHTSA.gov
Electrical system, wiringMay 17, 2018
Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling certain 2014-2018 Dodge Journey, Charger and Durango, RAM 2500, 3500, 3500 Cab Chassis (more than 10,000lb), 4500 Cab Chassis and 5500 Cab Chassis, Jeep Cherokee and Grand Cherokee and Chrysler 300, 2014-2019 RAM 1500, 2015-2018 Dodge Challenger, 2015-2017 Chrysler 200, 2016-2018 RAM 3500 Cab Chassis (less than 10,000 lb), 2017-2018 Chrysler Pacifica and 2018 Jeep Wrangler vehicles. These vehicles are being recalled to address a defect that could prevent the cruise control system from disengaging. If, when using cruise control, there is a short circuit within the vehicle's wiring, the driver may not be able to shut off the cruise control either by depressing the brake pedal or manually turning the system off once it has been engaged, resulting in either the vehicle maintaining its current speed or possibly accelerating.
If the vehicle maintains its speed or accelerates despite attempts to deactivate the cruise control, there would be an increased risk of a crash.
Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will inspect the software, and perform a software flash on the engine or powertrain control module, free of charge. The recall began June 4, 2018. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Note: Owners are advised to stop using cruise control until the software update has been performed. In the event that cruise control cannot be disengaged while driving, owners should firmly and steadily apply the brakes and shift the transmission to neutral, placing the vehicle in park once it has stopped.
Campaign 18V332000 on NHTSA.gov
Power train, automatic transmission, lever and linkage, column shiftDec 20, 2017
Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling certain 2016-2017 Ram 3500 Cab Chassis with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) of less than 10,000 lbs, 2011-2017 Ram 3500, 4500 and 5500 Cab Chassis vehicles, 2009-2017 Ram 1500 and 2010-2017 Ram 2500 and 3500 pickup trucks, all equipped with a column shifter. Pushing the brake pedal for prolonged periods when the vehicle is running and in PARK may cause the Brake Transmission Shift Interlock (BTSI) pin to stick in the open position. With the pin in the open position, the transmission can be shifted out of PARK into any gear without pushing the brake pedal or having the key in the ignition.
Being able to shift the transmission without pushing the brake pedal and/or without a key in the ignition can increase the risk of an unintended vehicle rollaway that may result in personal injury or a crash.
Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will update the vehicle software, inspect the BTSI, and, as necessary, replace it, free of charge. The recall began February 26, 2018. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is T79.
Campaign 17V821000 on NHTSA.gov
Air bagsMay 9, 2017
Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling certain model year 2013-2016 Ram 1500, Ram 2500, and 2014-2016 Ram 3500 vehicles. Certain driving conditions, such as driving off-road or debris striking the vehicle may cause the roll rate sensor to trigger a fault within the Occupant Restraint Controller (ORC). If this fault occurs, the rollover side curtain air bag and the seat belt pretensioner will be disabled from deploying.
If the rollover side curtain air bags and seat belt pretensioners are disabled, there is an increased risk of injury to the vehicle occupants in the event of a crash that necessitates activation of these safety systems.
Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will update the ORC software, free of charge. The recall began June 26, 2017. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is T25.
Campaign 17V302000 on NHTSA.gov
Power train, driveline, differential unitMar 23, 2017
Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling certain 2016-2017 Ram 1500 trucks. The differential pin retaining screw may come loose while driving, potentially causing the differential to break or lock up.
A broken or locked up differential may result in a loss of motive power and possibly a loss of vehicle control. Either scenario increases the risk of a crash.
Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will inspect and replace the differential retaining pin, free of charge. The recall began April 24, 2017. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is T20.
Campaign 17V198000 on NHTSA.gov
Power train, axle assembly, axle shaftMay 16, 2016
Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling certain 2016 RAM 1500 trucks manufactured February 19, 2016, to March 3, 2016. The front halfshafts may have been incorrectly manufactured causing them to fracture without warning.
A fractured halfshaft may damage underbody components and create road debris, increasing the risk of a crash.
Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will replace both front halfshafts, free of charge. The recall began on July 5, 2016. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is S32.
Campaign 16V301000 on NHTSA.gov
EquipmentMay 16, 2016
Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling aftermarket Mopar Canvas Seat Covers for certain 2012-2016 RAM 1500, 2500, and 3500 trucks. These Mopar canvas seat covers were sold through Chrysler dealerships beginning October 15, 2015. The seat covers can impede the deployment of the seat thorax airbags.
If the seat cover impedes the air bag deployment, the seat thorax air bags may not provide adequate protection in the event of a crash, increasing the risk of a injury.
Chrysler will notify owners to remove the front seat covers and return them for a full refund. The recall began on July 1, 2016. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is S30.
Campaign 16E041000 on NHTSA.gov
Steering, electric power assist systemMar 23, 2016
Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling certain model year 2015-2016 Ram 1500 trucks manufactured January 22, 2015, to September 13, 2015. Contamination on the Electric Power Steering (EPS) control circuit board may cause a short and result in the loss of power steering assist.
If the vehicle experiences a loss of power steering assist, extra steering effort will be required, especially at lower speeds, increasing the risk of a vehicle crash.
Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will replace the EPS unit, free of charge. The recall is expected to begin on May 16, 2016. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is S19.
Campaign 16V167000 on NHTSA.gov
Tires, temporary/emergency spare tireOct 16, 2015
Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling certain model year 2016 Ram 1500 trucks with a 5.7L engine and dual exhaust manufactured August 3, 2015, to August 10, 2015. The affected vehicles may be missing a heat shield for the spare tire.
Without a heat shield, heat from the exhaust system may damage the spare tire. When used, the damaged tire may have a tread separation or side wall rupture, resulting in a loss of control and an increased risk of a crash.
Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will install a spare tire heat shield if the vehicle is missing one. Vehicles that have already been sold with an excess of 50 miles will also have their spare tires replaced. These repairs will be performed free of charge. The recall began on December 2, 2015. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is R58.
Campaign 15V663000 on NHTSA.gov
Power train, axle assembly, axle shaftOct 15, 2015
Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling certain model year 2015-2016 Ram 1500 trucks manufactured June 17, 2015, to September 28, 2015. The affected vehicles may have been built with rear axles that were incorrectly heat treated.
If the rear axle shaft was not properly heated treated, it may fracture and a wheel separation could occur, increasing the risk of a crash.
Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will inspect the vehicles and replace the axle assemblies, as necessary, free of charge. The recall began on November 23, 2015. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is R59.
Campaign 15V661000 on NHTSA.gov
Representative owner complaints
1,544 reports, newest first.
Power train, Vehicle speed control, Sep 30, 2021
The contact owns a 2016 Ram 1500. The contact stated that after starting the vehicle and shifting to DRIVE, the vehicle independently accelerated. The contact stated that the brake pedal was depressed but failed to respond. The contact shifted the vehicle to PARK to stop the vehicle. There were no warning lights illuminated. The vehicle was not diagnosed nor repaired by an independent mechanic or dealer. The dealer was notified of the failure and advised the contact to take the vehicle to their location for diagnosis. The approximate failure mileage was 95,000.
Other or unspecified, Sep 17, 2021
There is an open recall on this vehicle, and I have been waiting for well over a year on the dealer (Larry H Miller, Boise, ID) for resolution. I am repeatedly told they have an issue getting a replacement part, but I am no longer satisfied with this response.
Other or unspecified, Sep 13, 2021
UConnect system freezes up. Black, unresponsive screen, Unable to control the radio, navigation, remote locking, climate control, and other important Safety features such as Back up Camera.
Power train, Sep 9, 2021
On August 28, 2021, I was driving towards Huntsville, TX, on Hwy 30, a rural divided highway with two lanes in each direction. The speed limit is 70. The truck was empty except for me, and a few tools. I had the cruise control set at 60 mph and was going up a slight hill when then truck suddenly and violently popped out of gear. At first, I thought someone had hit me from behind. Fortunately, there was nobody close to me and I coasted to the side of the road and stopped. After a few minutes trying to calm down and read the truck manual--I never turned the engine off-- I followed the instructions to shift back to P (Park) and then select a gear. I did this and the bell ringing and flashing lights stopped. So I shifted to drive and took off again. This time I did not use the cruise control--just slowly got back up to speed. Then BOOM! Once again, around 60mph about 4 miles down the road, the truck popped out of gear a second time violently and suddenly with no warning. Once again, I coasted to a stop and just sat there halfway freaked out. Finally, I turned the emergency blinkers on and crept into Huntsville at 30 mph. The next day, Sunday, August 29, I started the truck to see what would happen, and the Check Engine light was no longer lit up. I phoned the Wischnewsky Dodge dealership in Huntsville, TX, and the Service Manager Chris Lovelady said I could bring the truck in and he would read the codes at no charge. On Friday, September 3, I met Service Manager Chris Lovelady at 11am and he downloaded the codes. I took a picture of the three codes (file uploaded below). He said the significant code of the three was P0984 Shift Solenoid 5 Control Circuit Range/Performance. He stated that since the codes were 'Stored' and not 'Active', he could not work on the truck--he said I had to drive it some more. If this incident had happened on the crowded freeway in Houston where I live, there most certainly would have been a wreck.
Air bags, Sep 8, 2021, crash
The contact owned a 2016 Dodge Ram 1500. The contact stated that the air bags failed to deploy. The contact stated that when driving at 55 mph in the right lane, a vehicle leaving a gas service station entered the traffic and failed to yield to the right of way, the vehicle entered the contact's lane and the contact was unable to stop and crashed into the vehicle's rear end. The driver's air bag failed to deploy upon impact. The contact's face hit the steering wheel causing the contact injury to the mouth and caused the contact to lose a top and button tooth, the contact's nose was fractured, his face was swollen, and he also suffered injuries to the neck. The contact was taken by ambulance. A police report was filed. The vehicle was towed to a tow yard. The contact was advised by the insurance company that the vehicle was destroyed. The manufacturer was not contacted. The failure mileage was 57,000.
Fuel/propulsion system, Sep 6, 2021
Vehicle recently began refusing to accept fuel, nearly stranding me on a road trip with no way to drive it. Tested on multiple pumps/stations and filling positions, and the problem persists. Cannot get more than 1/4 gallon of fuel into the tank without the pump shutting off automatically.
Steering, Sep 5, 2021
Intermittent half steering power loss, ( I figured it was a weather related) followed by complete loss of power steering over time.
Engine, Sep 3, 2021
Cam shaft went out in March of 2021. Causes the truck to have sudden lose of power. Purchased RAM brand new in November 2016, wouldn't expect the Engine/Cam shaft to go out before 5 years.
Engine, Aug 28, 2021
Exhaust manifold bolts break every 5-6000 miles causing large leak at firewall. Potentially leaking exhaust gases into passenger compartment
Power train, Aug 17, 2021, crash
The contact owns a 2016 Ram 1500. The contact stated that the vehicle was taken to the dealer to be repaired under NHTSA Campaign Number: 17V821000 (Power Train) performed however, the repair did not correct the failure. The contact stated that while the vehicle was parked and unoccupied, the vehicle rolled away and crashed into a tree. The vehicle was not taken to the dealer to be diagnosed. The vehicle was not repaired. The manufacturer was contacted and informed of the failure. The approximate failure mileage was 102,000.
Engine, Aug 16, 2021
Exhaust manifold leak
Engine and engine cooling, Aug 13, 2021
The contact owns a 2016 Ram 1500. The contact had received a recall notice for NHTSA Campaign Number: 20V475000 (Engine and Engine Cooling). The dealer was contacted and informed the him that the parts were unavailable, and that the dealer was only receiving one part per week. The contact was also informed that he had been placed on a waiting list and that there were several customers ahead of him on the list. The contact stated that the manufacturer had exceeded reasonable amount of time for the recall repair. The contact had not experienced a failure. Parts distribution disconnect.
Steering, Aug 8, 2021
ELECTRIC POWER STEERING UNIT LOSS/FAILURE WHILE VEHICHLE IN MOTION. NO WARNING PRIOR TO FAILURE.
Other or unspecified, Aug 7, 2021
When I bought the vehicle last year it was brought to my attention that something was loose in my front end that shouldn't be by a mechanic and it had only 75000 miles on it then . He had said it could lock up and cause a accident. My truck had been to the dealer I bought it at twice for part on the axel that was leaking some grease. I was told they are wear and tare parts, but they didn't say anything about it seeming loose . I went for inspection and I was told that I need a new front end axel assembly kit that is 3000$ and they took my inspection sticker for it saying it is unsafe to drive until fixed that it could lock up and cause a accident. This sounded just like what the guy told me at 75000 miles. I was told it was bad at the dealer I bought it from at the time of inspection and when I looked up online it said the milage it is good for 80000 to 100000 miles. There has been no warning and I did not notice a problem so I went to a mini mechanic he gave me a sticker but I am noticing the axel being bad now. I am scared to drive my vehicle and if this is the case that it goes bad every 80000 to 100000 miles shouldn't it be recalled? The mini mechanic told me dodge did not design the axel to be protected from dabre and to keep it in better condition to take it off and grease it every once in a while. Yes my truck is available for inspection upon request . Thank you would like a clear answer on this soon where I have a child that I don't want to have put in danger or those around me.
Steering, Aug 6, 2021
The electronic power steering rack went out without any warning
Power train, Aug 5, 2021
The contact owns a 2016 Ram 1500. The contact stated while the vehicle was parked in the driveway, the vehicle changed gear independently and started reversing towards the road. The contact stated he jumped into the vehicle and shifted the gear to drive and then turned off the vehicle. The contact stated that the drive indicator warning light blinked. The vehicle was taken to the dealer to be diagnosed; however, the dealer informed the contact that the OBD reader did not retrieve a fault code. The manufacturer was made aware of the failure but provided no assistance. The vehicle was not repaired. The approximate failure mileage was 16,400.
Fuel/propulsion system, Aug 3, 2021
Ram 1500 Fuel Sensor malfunctions over time providing an empty reading when fuel level is well above zero. Part is poorly designed and can lead to confusion as to the actual fuel reading. In researching this issue, it appears that many other RAM 1500 owners are experiencing the same issue -- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8jlJjR2cDck.
Steering, Jul 24, 2021
While driving the power steering stops working and it becomes difficult to steer. This only lasts for a few seconds then it begins to work again. I started noticing this a couple of weeks ago but it is getting worse the more I drive it. I am concerned that it is becoming a safety concern.
Engine, Jul 19, 2021
Exhaust components broken (bolts which holding exhaust manifold)
Electrical system, Vehicle speed control, Fuel/propulsion system, Jul 14, 2021, crash
Engine speed surged while pulling into parking space. Bringing to dealer to have checked. No warning, or codes given. $1500 in damages to my vehicle and probably the same to the parked car in front of me. Worried about my safety now with this sudden acceleration.
Engine, Jul 12, 2021
Exhaust leek from a broken manifold resulted from bad manifold bolts. I am the original owner
Steering, Jul 12, 2021
The contact owns a 2016 Ram 1500. The contact stated while operating the vehicle, the power steering malfunctioned, and the steering wheel was very difficult to turn in either direction. The cause of the failure was not yet determined. The local dealer was notified of the failure, but the manufacturer was not yet contacted. The contact was informed that the vehicle was not included in the NHTSA campaign number 16V167000 (Steering). The contact indicated that the vehicle had experienced the same failure listed in the recall. The failure mileage was 28,000.
Other or unspecified, Engine, Jul 8, 2021, fire
Truck was at the dealer for Recalls repairs & Maintenance. After weekend driving to work, engine fire occurred, truck totaled. Per nationwide insurance letter received 7-7 under "next steps" it gave this website to report this to you. I would like to be notified of outcome
Steering, Jul 6, 2021
I lost power steering while driving. The dealership said I need a new steering rack. Previous recall for this problem , same year as my truck, is said not to fall under the recall.
Steering, Electrical system, Jul 3, 2021
Power steering, Was driving down the road, when the steering wheel was jersey out of my hand. After pulling over, the power steering indication on dash appeared. I turn of vehical and restarted, steering worked fine. Same incident happened multiple time a few days later as driving down the road. The steering would not be responsive and then work. Now the power steering is out and has not return functional. The vehical has not been inspected as I am afraid to drive to shop and it has almost caused multiple accidents.